Most people are likely familiar with the condition known as STROKE, or what is commonly referred as hemiplegia. This condition is a significant concern and fear for many people. As a physical therapist well-acquainted with the condition, its causes and the subsequent complications after the Stroke, It is still in my concern. In recent times, the incidence of Stroke has become more prevalent, even among teenagers and middle-aged individuals.
This pathology typically occurs in individuals over the age of 45 or those with underlying conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. These conditions increase the risk of blood vessel weakening (arteriovenous malformation) or obstruction. Furthermore, individuals who are alcohol addicted, smoke heavily, experience chronic stress, or suffer from chronic sleeplessness are also at heightened risk of developing this condition.
Strokes are primarily classified into two types: Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke. The severity of these two types varies significantly. Ischemic Stroke, or cerebral artery blockage, accounts for over 80 percent of hemiplegia cases and generally presents with less severity. Conversely, the remaining 20 percent of patients experience Hemorrhagic Stroke, or cerebral artery rupture, which can be life-threatening. The symptoms and subsequent impacts are depending on the location of the affected cerebral vessels.
Following the onset of the condition and subsequent medical treatment, patients are typically advised by their physicians to engage in continuous physical and occupational therapy within the first 1-3 months after the initial symptoms. The symptoms commonly observed by physical therapists in patients post-Stroke include the following:
- Weakness in either the left or right arm and leg, resulting in impaired functionality.
- Muscle spasticity is characterized by the inability of patients to fully control their muscles during various activities, which may lead to subsequent joint contractures.
- Joint stiffness or joint contractures.
- Aphasia is an abnormality in speech and language comprehension. Patients may experience slow speech or difficulty recalling words.
- Emotional instability occurs due to impaired physical function, leading to accumulated stress. This condition is exacerbated when it affects the cerebral artery responsible for emotional control.
The role of physical therapists in treating Stroke patients include:
- Release muscle tension through deep tissue massage and stretching.
- Mitigating muscle spasticity using specialized physical therapy techniques or equipment.
- Increase joint mobilities through mobilization.
- Prescribing early-stage rehabilitation exercises to enhance muscle mass. After muscle mass begins to return, emphasis shifts to strength and endurance training.
- Instructing patients on performing daily activities they may struggle with post-Stroke, such as eating, dressing, and walking. Due to altered brain commands and prolonged disuse, the patient’s muscle memory for these tasks may have diminished. Physical therapists are tasked with re-educating proper techniques for them.
In addition to physical rehabilitation, it is imperative for physical therapists to prioritize the psychological well-being of stroke patients. Effective communication is crucial in alleviating anxiety, providing encouragement for treatment, and attentively addressing patient concerns. Based on my experience in treating patients who are recovering from strokes, they frequently place their trust in physical therapists for both physical pain management and emotional support, including the management of stress and anxiety. Through proficient communication and counseling, physical therapists typically facilitate improved treatment outcomes, as reduced patient stress levels significantly enhance overall recovery efforts.
If the stroke is not severe, many of the symptoms that occur afterward can improve significantly, up to 80-90% or even resolve completely with continuous treatment. However, for those who experience severe strokes, the symptoms that manifest can persist throughout the patient’s lifetime. Nonetheless, physical therapists still recommend continuous treatment to prevent complications. For instance, bedridden patients should undergo physical therapy sessions to facilitate movement, engage in bedside exercises and practice walking and breathing exercises to prevent joint stiffness, pneumonia, or lung infections that could adversely affect the patient.
Once the patient has recovered sufficiently to resume normal daily activities, it is crucial to regularly consult with a physician and maintain a consistent exercise routine to ensure proper blood circulation. Additionally, maintaining heart health, minimizing stress and ensuring appropriate sleep at least 8 hours per day, along with engaging in relaxation activities during days off, can significantly reduce the risk of recurrent strokes. These measures can effectively prevent the recurrence of stroke.
Q: Can stroke be resolved?
A: Yes, it can be resolved. Early treatment during the golden period, typically within the first 3 months, can significantly improve outcomes. However, recovery depends on the type and severity of the brain vessels.
Q: How should I take care of myself after experiencing a stroke?
A: Receive continuous medical treatment from specialists and physical therapy to facilitate quick recovery of brain and muscle function.
Q: Besides Physical therapy, are there other treatments that can help manage this condition?
A: Yes, treatments vary based on individual symptoms. Speech therapy and occupational therapy may be necessary for issues related to speech and fine muscle movement. Alternative medical practices like acupuncture or cupping from traditional Chinese medicine can also promote blood circulation and stimulate the nervous system and muscles.
Q: If recovery occurs, can Stroke recur?
A: Yes, it can recur. This is called recurrent stroke, as individuals who have had strokes before are at increased risk due to factors like abnormal brain blood vessel structure, high blood pressure, and abnormal blood flow. Therefore, maintaining good health is crucial to prevent recurrence.
Q: How can I care for or prevent recurrence of this condition?
A: Take medications as prescribed by your doctor, undergo regular physical check-ups, exercise regularly, maintain overall physical and mental health, avoid alcohol and smoking.
PT Similan Insawang
Physical therapist
